09年12月英语四级答案详解（(四级作文要求)写关于“校园安全”的。帮忙列个中文写作提纲，具体到某些点的，有些英语佳句进去更好！谢）

小编今天整理了一些09年12月英语四级答案详解（(四级作文要求)写关于“校园安全”的。帮忙列个中文写作提纲，具体到某些点的，有些英语佳句进去更好！谢）相关内容，希望能够帮到大家。

本文目录一览：

• 1、09年12月英语四级答案详解
• 2、(四级作文要求)写关于“校园安全”的。帮忙列个中文写作提纲，具体到某些点的，有些英语佳句进去更好！谢
• 3、英语四级提纲式作文写作步骤及技巧

09年12月英语四级答案详解

2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解
Part Ⅰ Writing
审题谋篇
本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对 “绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。
参考范文
Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.
The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graduation. What’s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.
To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
建设绿色校园
近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。
“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。
为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。
范文点评
范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。
【生动的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。
【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益;play a crucial role in发挥关键作用;under the burden of在……重负下;come true实现;call for要求。
【多变的句式】
范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。
避错指导
本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。
除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。
最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：
正确拼写 词性及词义 错误的拼写
focus n. 焦点 focuse
effect n. 影响 effection /affect
environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment
burden n. 负担 burdon
solve v. 解决 slove
serious a. 严肃的 serous
true a. 真的 ture
society n. 社会 soceity
theory n. 理论 thery
总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。
能力拓展
【同义词转换】
作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。
1. realize → be aware of 意识到
We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。
2. keep → preserve 保持
It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。
3. lead → conduct 引导
This will help conduct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。
【话题备考锦囊】
6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。
7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。
8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。
9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。
10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。
【话题词汇拓展】
devastation n. 毁坏 disastrous a. 损失惨重的
doom v. 厄运，毁灭 existence n. 存在，生活
healthful a. 健康的 messy a. 肮脏的，凌乱的
participation n. 分享，参与 preserve v. 保存，保护
preventive a. 预防性的 purify v. 澄清，净化
stimulation n. 激励，鼓舞 arouse consciousness 唤起意识
命题风向标
本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。
从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
篇章结构

核心词汇
1. aid n. ①帮助，援助 ②助手v. 帮助，援助
【用】financial aid经济援助;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济资助;foreign aid外援，对外援助;hearing aid助听器;aids and appliances用具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起……作用;lead one’s aid (to)援助，给予帮助;in aid of作为援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助;aidant a. 帮助的;aided a. 辅助的
2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业，计划，工程
【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目规划;project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出，发射;projecting a. 突出的
3. selective a. 选择性的
4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析;selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖 【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择，挑选，选集
5. package n. 包裹;套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的
【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机
6. ranking a. 头等的;n. 等级，地位
【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等级法，排序法
【拓】rank n. 等级;队列;v. 排列，列队
7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认;n. ①授予物 ②拨款
【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted认为……是理所当然; Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴(grant的复数)
8. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册
【搭】enrol in选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍;enrollee n. 入学者，入伍者
9. eliminate v. 消除，排除
【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消除贫困;eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除;exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外
10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初试;qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛 【搭】qualify as 取得……资格，作为……合适;qualify for有……的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的
11. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称
【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;to excel in music 擅长音乐
【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，卓越的;excellence n. 优秀，长处
12. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律;submit registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从;submit…to 将……呈交给【拓】 submission n. 服从，投降
试题详解
1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。
2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为D。
3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。
C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。
4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为D。
5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B
6. 【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?
A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为A。
7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?
C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为C。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。 这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。
9. recognizes
【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段：“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。
10. excellence
【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。
全文精译
大学重新审视奖学金的价值
许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。
但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。
例如，华盛顿特区的乔治•华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。
纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。
并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。
对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。
但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说，“他们试图购买学生”。
研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。
“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。
奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”
助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。
一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。
但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。
明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。
“没有人可以采取单方面行动，”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”
一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。
这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。
“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”， 阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。
位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。
“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”
* 关于奖学金制度的几点补充
奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。
学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学，

太多了 超过了贴不了了 我邮箱是409194548@QQ.com你发封邮件给我我发给你吧

(四级作文要求)写关于“校园安全”的。帮忙列个中文写作提纲，具体到某些点的，有些英语佳句进去更好！谢

引用

东方 的 【考试信息】2010年6月份大学英语四级考试作文最新预测--校园安全与生活压力

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Campus Security. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)近年来发生在校园的意外事件不断增加，校园安全问题备受关注

2)对此我们应该采取哪些措施

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求阐述目前校园里出现的一种问题，提纲第2点要求提供解决办法，由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲，本文应包含以下内容：阐述“目前校园意外事件不断出现”这一问题，校园安全问题备受关注的现状;我们应当采取哪些措施来应对;总结全文。

【参考范文】

Campus Security

Security issue may sound clichéd, but when it comes to the campus security, we have to take it seriously. Nearly every day, there are reports to the security office on campus that valuable things are stolen away. A surrounding with stealing, mugging can’t be worse for studying. In such cases, what measures should be taken to improve the campus security?

On the one hand, we students should strengthen our security awareness. Once we smell out something unusual, we should report it to the campus guard immediately. On the other hand, more equipment such as monitors should be installed on campus so as to detect crimes as soon as possible. Besides, a proper amount of security guards should be arranged to patrol the campus。

In my opinion, campus security will be improved as long as efforts are made on campus. Therefore colleges and universities should try their best to make everyone on campus safe and sound。(总结观点段)

一篇关于校园治安，校园安全的英语作文
Electric door guard sparks debate (CRI)
The electric door guard has replaced the traditional "door lady" in a dormitory at Shanghai Songjiang University City, within the range of many universities.

In the future, more electric door guards will take the place of "door ladies."

The electric door guard operates under an IC card system, with students using IC cards to enter. Each resident student is issued an IC card with his/her personal information stored on it. Information like the card-holding student's name, major, grade, and even time of entry will be stored on their IC card. The door has also been equipped with a "digital eye" to take video 24 hours a day 7 days a week.

With the new "door guard" already on duty, students began to discuss the pros and cons of the latest renovation to their dorm in community forums.

Some complained that having to take their IC card everywhere is inconvenient, adding that the system is not always reliable. They noted times when the system failed to recognize them and they had to call repair workers to fix it.

Others say the former "door lady" was more flexible and gave them a sense of "home." Sometimes when a student had to stay out late, to study or for other business, the door lady would wait for them and let them in if they told her beforehand. Or when students' parents came to visit, the door lady would let them in. But now, all of these conveniences seem impossible.

Still, students admit that the electric door guard is much safer, as it prevents thieves as well as unwelcome salesmen from entering their dorm. In this way, the electric door guard has its own advantages.

The school's authorities say the new system needs some time to improve and that students need time to get used to it. The school has said it will consider the inconveniences brought along with the new door guard and attempt to solve them by other means. On the whole, the new system seems to be good for students living in the dorm building.
本文来自作文地带:

跟最近那些在校园发生的事有关的英语作文，字数略少，大家自己补齐！

Recently,six killing accident happen in elementary school,which have a bad influences on our social safety.These influences can be described as follow.
Initially,the elementary school killing accident cause the students'panic,worrying about their own safety.What’s more,it also cause the parents’and teathers’ worry,and parents and teachers must pay more attention to their children’s and student’s safety.Last but not least,due to this,many other people hold panic for their own safety.
From what we have discussed ,we know the serious consequence of killing accident in elementary school.So facing this accident,relative department should take effective measures to reduce the killing accident in elementary school,reducing the social panic,assurencing the social safety,

Enhance Awareness to Guard against Campus Thefts

1. 校园盗窃案件时有发生

2. 物品被盗的原因

3. 学生如何加强防盗意识

审题概述�

这是一篇论述校园物品被盗和加强防盗意识的文章。第一段，主要陈述校园盗窃案件发生的情况。第二段，主要分析校园物品被盗的原因。第三段，主要阐述学生怎样增强防盗意识。

【范文】

l Enhance Awareness to Guard against Campus Thefts

“If you don’t want to wake up and find you have no pants to wear, you’d better put them on in sleep,” goes a popular joke among students. Obviously, campus thefts have become increasingly annoying as they occur far more often than before. And it seems that the thieves are less choosy these days, with their targets ranging widely from bikes, cell phones, purses, pre-paid IC cards to sunglasses, bags, and even underwear. In short, anything that worth a dime is likely to be stolen.

What makes students the easy targets? The reasons are not hard to find. But I believe of all these reasons, the lack of anti-theft alertness is the most important one. For lack of alertness, the students tend to leave the doors and windows wide open during sleep at noon or at night in summer. For the same reason, they’ll also leave their bikes unlocked outside a store or by a road, or forget to take away their personal stuff before they go out of the classroom to make a phone call. These acts undoubtedly have increased their exposure to the light-fingered monsters.

In order to minimize possible losses, the students must stay on guard in the first place, as awareness of the thefts around often makes a big difference. To be more specific, the students should not hide any tempting amount of cash in the dorm. Put it in the bank instead. Besides, do not leave any valuable items unattended. Take them wherever you go. In addition, it’s advisable to develop a neighbourhood watch programme with other students in the dorm and neighbouring dorms.

第一段思路点评：

陈述校园盗窃案件发生的情况

语言点提示：

it seems that此句型表示一种可能性

第二段思路点评：

说明被盗原因

语言点提示：

(1)What makes students the easy targets?此句引出下文

(2)anti-theft alertness防盗意识

(3)lack of alertness缺乏警惕

(4)light-fingered小偷小摸的、惯行扒窃的

第三段思路点评：

阐述如何加强防盗意识

语言点提示：

注意关联词语in the first place，besides，In addition的使用可使行文更富逻辑性。

金大话英语培训网

英语四级提纲式作文写作步骤及技巧

提纲式作文是历年四、六级考试中最常见的题型。从1995年1月到1999年1月9次四级考试的作文题型都是这种形式。它要求考生根据给出的题目和提纲，确定文章的中心思想，然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述，表达提纲的主旨。它的优点是提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段大体的内容，为考生提供了一条思路，稍加思索、计划、整理就可成文。但缺点是如果审题不当，反而容易丢分。另外，它的限定性较大，不理解提纲所展现的内容或词汇，就会感到难以下笔。

一、写作步骤和技巧：
1写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。
2每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。
3提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。这需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句。然后围绕主题句进行扩展。
4收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”。同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。

二、审题和构思：
根据下题写一篇不少于100词的作文：
my view on job-hopping
1）有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为……
2）有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为……
3）我的看法
显而易见，这是一道提纲式的作文题。可以通过以下审题和构思过程完成这篇作文：

1．分析题目和提纲可知，应该写一篇说明文，当然其中可以夹有议论。要写出“不换工作”和“换工作”的原因，然后给出自己的看法，重点是原因和看法。
2．根据提纲，文章可分3段，第1段是“喜欢从事一种工作”的原因；第2段写出“喜欢经常换工作”的原因；第3段是“我的”看法。
3．根据以上分析，可以把提纲转换为主题句如下：
some people tend to stick to their position all the time．
some people are different．they are in the habit of job-hopping．
i am not in favour of constant job-hopping．
4．以材料支持各段主题句。第1段的材料可以是：喜欢那份工作的各种原因：有发展前途、工资高等；第2段经常“跳槽”的原因：不能施展自己的才能，谋求更高的收入等。第3段也要说明原因，并总结归纳，圆满结尾。

三、参考范文：
my view on job-hopping
some people tend tostick to their positions all the time，as they think the longer one works in a particular field，the more skillful one will be at it．some have been teachers all their lives．some devote all their energy to scientific research．such people love their work and turn out to be specialists in their own fields．they are usually high achievers．
some are different．they are in the habit of job-hopping，for they always purpose what is new and stimulating．they never seem content with their present situations．they like to meetmore people，make more money and new acquaintances，so they hop from job to job．
as far as i am concerned，i am not in favour of constant job-hopping． i believe in a famous proverb，“a rolling stone gather no moss．”i want to be professionally strong．and i respect those who devote themselves to their affectionate jobs throughout

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