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2014年12月英语四级听力真题
2014年12月英语四级考试在今天上午结束了,小伙伴们考的如何呢?接下来带大家回顾本次听力真题,同时为大家提供2014年12月英语四级听力真题及答案,即使考完了也要记得温故知新哦,希望能帮助到大家!
Passage 1
Scientists know how twins were born, now though, they are trying to explain how being half of the biological pair influences a twin’s identity. They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don’t leave near each other. For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins. They were separatedwhen they were only 4 months old. The two Jims grew up in different families and did not meet for 39 years. When they finally met, they discovered some surprising similarities between them. Both men were married twice, their first wives were named Linda, and their second wives were both named Betty. Both twins named their first sons James Allen. Scientists want to know what influences are personality. They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis. These twins help scientists understand the connection between environment and biology. Researchers at the University of Minnesota, studies 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together. They discovered many similarities in their personalities. Scientists believed that personality characteristics such as friendliness, shyness and fears are not result of environment. These characteristics are probably inherited. Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have many questions. For example, they want to know ‘can twins really communicate without speaking’, ‘can one twin really feel another twin’s pain’. Perhaps with more research, scientists will find the answers.
16. What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?
17. What do we learn about the twin Jims?
18. Why are scientists interested in studying identical twins raised in different families?
Passage 2
金大话英语培训网
Today I’m going to talk about tents. Camping is still one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday. And each year, over 3 million people take camping vocations, either here in Britain or aboard, mostly on the continent. Obviously, camping can’t be as comfortable as living in a permanent house, but modern tents can be very comfortable indeed, with windows, bedrooms, kitchens and sitting rooms. The most popular tent sold in Britain is the frame tent with 2 bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for 4 people. There is usually an outer tent of water-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in ground sheet. The outer tent fits over the frame work. This is made of metal poles which are fitted together. The inner tent is attached to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn’t usually have a ground sheet but you can buy one to fit, though it costs extra. The ordinary 4 bed frame tent doesn’t usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. You can buy a kitchen extension for many tents, and it’s worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days.
19. What does the speaker say about camping?
20. What does the passage tell us about the most popular tent sold in Britain?
21. What does the speaker suggest buying if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days?
Passage 3
Andorra, one of the smallest countries in the world, is located high in the mountains between France and Spain. The country covers only 179 square miles. That is less than half the size of New York City. High, rocky mountains surround Andorra. Until the 1930s, travelers had difficulty in reaching the country. Up until that time, people in Andorra lived in the way they had lived for centuries. Most Andorrans worked as farmers. Things did not change quickly. When roads were built from France and Spain to Andorra in the 1930s, life picked up speed. Tourist began to visit the small country. These tourists brought in a lot of money to spend while visiting. Many people in Andorra found new jobs in shops or hotels. These changes helped to keep young people in Andorra. There were many more jobs than before the roads were built. Today tourists provided 80 to 90 percent of Andorra’s income. More than a million people visit each year. They come to view the rough mountains. They enjoy the quiet way of life. Most people are also interested in the ancient buildings. There are many shops for tourists to browse in, clothes, watches, wines and other items are sold at low prices in Andorra. Import fees are low, so tourists enjoy the inexpensive shopping. Most of the businesses in Andorra are owned by its citizens. There are not many foreign businesses. Some Andorrans still farm and raise sheep and cattle. But most are now involved with the tourist trade.
22. How big does the speaker say Andorra is?
23. What can be said about Andorra before the 1930s?
24. What event changed the situation in Andorra?
25. What do most people do in Andorra do nowadays?
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2014年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案:旅游
2014年12月英语四级已经结束,接下来带大家回顾本次翻译真题,同时为大家提供2014年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案,供大家参考!
真题:
越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣,这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量和不断增加,可以归于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了,年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了,他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引,有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示,很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化,丰富知识,拓宽视野。
译文:
More and more Chinese young people are becoming interested in travelling, which is a new trend in recent years. The increasing number of young tourists can be attributed to the rapid rise of their income and curiosity for exploring the outside world. With more travel, young people spend less time in big cities and famous sights. Instead, they are attracted to more remote places. Some people even choose a long backpacking trip. A recent survey shows that many young people want to experience a different culture, enrich their knowledge and broaden their horizons through travelling.
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2014年12月英语四级考试详情(翻译)
2014年12月英语四级考试详情(翻译) 题型概览 自2013年12月考次起,全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整为段落翻译,翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济,社会发展等题材,长度为140—160个汉字。
样题分析 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术之一。中国剪纸有一千五百年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties )特别流行,人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
难点注释 这段关于剪纸的小文章难词较多,长句较多,要想把它翻译准确、通顺,不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写过关,而且语法和句间逻辑关系的把握以及中英文转化技巧的运用也很重要。 1.这段文章中比较难的词语有“美化”、“居家环境”、“婚庆”、“装饰”等,这些词英文中没有明确对应的词,考生在翻译时应该抓住词的根本意思进行翻译。如“美化”可译为make…more beautiful。 2.分析句子结构,抓住主干。比如,第一句“剪纸( paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。”“剪纸”是主语,“是”是谓语,“中国最为流行的……..之一”是表语,基本可以断定,本句转化为英文时是一个主系表结构的句子。 3.处理中文里的短句时,要抓住每句的主干,其他短句在翻译成英文时需要转变为定语从句、状语从句等,比如,“特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。”这句里面,“特别是在春节和婚庆期间”在翻译时可以译为本句的状语,“剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间”是句子的主干,“以增加喜庆的气氛”是本句的目的状语。因此,需要用状语从句和表目的的不定式结构来连接句子。
译文 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术之一。 Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. 中国剪纸有一千五百年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties )特别流行,人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。 Chinese paper cutting has history of more than 1500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. 特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。 During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. 剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。 The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. 中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. 翻译技巧 一、词的翻译 (一)词义选择 所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,但是要求我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词的褒贬和感情色彩。 例如: 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。 Paper cutting are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. “增加”此处实际是“加强”的意思,而非我们平常所指的“数量增多”的含义,因此不宜翻成increase,翻译为 enhance更恰当。
(二)词类转换 词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语具有动态性和具体性的特点,在语言运用上多用动词。英语则具有动态性和抽象性的特点,在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向,在汉译英过程中,适当转换词性,可以使译文更符合英语的表达习惯。 1.动词→名词 汉语中动词使用比较频繁,而且汉语动词没有时态变化的约束,也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分,动词甚至可以充当句子的任何成分。然而,英语动词的使用则受到形态变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原本应该由动词表达的概念,常常需要借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态变化的束缚。使用起来相当灵活、方便。 例如: 吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。 You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. 英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义。如:advice, agreement, inheritance, knowledge, praise, use等。汉译英时,借助抽象名词表达特定的行文动作,译文也会显得更为地道。 2.动词-→介词 介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的,具有动词的特征。因此,汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词短语来表达。 例如:人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。 People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. 3.动词-→形容词 汉语的一些动词也常常可以用英语的形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词(如dreamful, doubtful, sympathetic等),这样的译文有时比直接使用动词显得更地道,更标准。 例如:在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。 It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing dynasties. 4.形容词或副词-→名词 由于语法结构和修辞的需要,汉语的形容词和副词也可以译为英语的名词。 例如: ……只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。 ……leaving these living things to enjoy this moment of dust with full ease and freedom. 5.名词-→动词 有些情况下,汉语的名词可以用英语的动词来表达,此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。 例如:大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。 People, poor or rich, are equally favored by nature.
(三)词的增补 1.语法需要 由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语原文为了语言简洁而省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增补的词多为冠词(英语多特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词或介词等。 例如:农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多,因此欲望也小很多。 People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their desires are far less either. 英语中用得很多的介词有at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带,在英语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时,要根据上下文搭配灵活地选择介词。 2.意思表达需要 例如:这是黄河滩上的一幕。 This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River. 在翻译“这是黄河滩上的一幕”时,增译taking place短语,使译文表达更为生动贴切。 3.文化背景解释的需要 中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易被译文读者所理解的词语。因此在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法,把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。 例如:三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.
(四)词的减省 所谓词的减省,就是翻译时,把原文中一些仅仅为了语法上的需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略,从而达到译文通顺、意思完整及句子精炼的目的。汉语中重复的部分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语等,在译成英语时需适当删减,以保持句子的通顺。 例如:于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。 Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking. (删减重复的谓语动词)
(五)词的替代 重复时汉语常使用的一种语篇衔接手段,虽然英语中也用重复,但多是利用词语的重复来体现语义强调或进行语言润色。汉语以重复见长,英语则以省略见长。故而在汉译英时,可采用替代的方法来避免重复。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。 二、句的翻译 汉语造句以名词为重心,以词组、散句和分句为手段,习惯按照时间、逻辑顺序进行横排式表述,其内部逻辑关系“含而不露”,甚至断句不严,外形松散,因此汉语常被称为时间型的动态结构,主要体现为形式自由、富于弹性。而英语则以 “主-谓”的主干结构为中心来统领各语言成分,句界分明,外形严谨。因此在汉译英时,译文在逻辑和形式上都应当体现出英语的特点。如果是单句,首先应当确立句子的主干及句型,如果是复杂的句子或长句,则要确立中心,根据上下文进行句子组合,可以译为并列句、主从复合句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等)、并列复合句或使用独立结构等。这是汉译英的第一步,也是正确译文的基础。 (一)确立主干 在汉译英时,不管汉语句子如何复杂,首先要考虑英语的基本组句框架。这些最基本的框架可以变换,可以组合,但不能突破。组织英语句子时,始终不能脱离“主-谓”主干这一总的框架,然后再进行相应的时态变化、语 态变化、语气变化、句式转换(肯定式、否定式、疑问式、强调句式及倒装句式等),增加定语、状语修饰成分、插入语等。
(二)语序调整 1.定语的位置 汉语的定语常放在中心语前;而英语的定语位置分为两种:前置和后置。单词充当定语时通常放在被修饰的中心语之前;而短语和从句作定语则多放在所修饰的中心语之后。 2.状语的位置 汉语常把状语放在被修饰的成分前面,但英语中状语的位置则分为几种情况:单词做状语修饰形容词或其他状语时,常前置;表示程度的状语修饰其他状语时,可前置或后置;单词作状语修饰动词时,多放在动词之后;短语 或从句作状语时,可放在被修饰部分之前或之后。 3.汉英叙事重心不同 汉语先叙事,然后表态或评论,以此来突出话题,这种句子被称为主题句。而英语则先表态或进行评论,而后再叙事,以突出主语。 4.强弱词语的顺序不同 表示感情色彩的轻重、强弱时,汉语将重的内容、强的词语放在前面;英语将语义轻的内容、弱的词语放在前面,基本原则是前轻后重,前简后繁。 除了上面的技巧以外,还要注意段落的衔接。段落的衔接是指段落中各部分在语法和词汇方面有关联,即段落的各个部分的排列和衔接要符合逻辑。汉语和英语在衔接手法上迥异。汉语常用省略(如主语和连接词)和重复的 手段,依靠句与句之间内在的隐性逻辑关系体现段落的连贯;而英语则常用连接词(如连词、关系代词、关系副词)、替代词、指称语(如人称代词及相应的物主代词)、特有的冠词实现衔接,体现出段落内的语篇性。在汉译英 时,要注意通过词的增补、替代等技巧把汉语的衔接习惯转化为英语的衔接习惯,这在前面讲到的“词的翻译”中已经有所谈及。 练习1
中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜,以“南淡北咸,东甜西辣”见称。
句1:中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。 思路点拨:“…是…”结构的句子可以翻译成使用be动词的主系表结构本句中虽然给出的时“有关…”,但仔细揣摩其意思应该是“在…方面”,故译为in the aspect of. Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure.
句2:中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。 思路点拨:本句的主语是三个并列的偏正短语,如果按照原有的语序翻译成英文。则主语太长,不符合英语的表达习惯。因此,本句翻译时应该将主语和宾语互换,同时将“孕育了”意译为owe…to…(将…归因于,将…归功于),三个并列的短语作介词to的宾语。 This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of China.
句3:中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。 思路点拨:本句中“以…而著称”用be famous for来表示;“形”不是“形状”,而是“外观”,应译为appearance; “俱全”译为perfect combination of. Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”.
句4:它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。 思路点拨:本句中“讲究”即是“注重”,故译为gives emphasis to; “质地”不是“质量”,不可译为quality, 应译为texture. “佐料的调制”、“切菜的刀功”、“适时的烹调”和“装盘艺术”依次译为the blending of seasonings、slicing techniques、the perfect timing of cooking和the art of laying out the food on the plate. It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate.
句5:最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜,以“南淡北咸,东甜西辣”见称。 思路点拨:本句可用介词Among置于句首的倒装句型,表示众多最负盛名的菜系“有…”;后半句是对前半句内容的补充说明,可以用过去分词短语noted as…(以…著称)这种非谓语动词来取消句子的独立性,同时也增 加了句子的节奏感。“菜系”即是“派别”,用school较为合适,不可以译为其他词汇。原文中虽没有“味道”二字,但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北咸,东甜西辣”说的就是“味道”,所以翻译时应把“味道”(flavor)翻 译出来。 Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”. 练习2
筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。筷子有着悠久的历史,有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。无论到何时何地,中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。此外,筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。如今,筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家的餐桌上,西方还流行起了“为了您的健康,请您拿起筷子来”的时潮。
句1:筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。 思路点拨:本句的句子主干为“筷子是…之一”,译为chopsticks are one of…; “最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统”可处理成定语从句,来修饰“重要象征”,译为that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture。“象征”译为symbol. 译:Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture.
句2:筷子有着悠久的历史,有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。 思路点拨:本句可处理成and连接的并列句。句中“悠久的”可用long来表达;“有关…的记载”译为the records of…; “追溯到”译为be traced back to。 Chopsticks have a long history and the records of them can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. 句3:无论到何时何地,中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。 思路点拨:本句中“无论到何时何地”可处理成状 语;后面部分可用句型“it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.”。“离开筷子”即“没有筷子”,可译为without chopsticks. Wherever and whenever, it is hard for Chinese people to have meals without chopsticks.
句4:此外,筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。 思路点拨:本句中 “…可以作为…”可处理成…can be used as…的形式。“此外”可以译为in addition; “馈赠”可译为gifting;“寄情”即“表达情感”,可译为expressing feelings。 In addition, chopsticks can also be used as special handicrafts and presents for etiquette, gifting, expressing feelings and collection.
难点注释: 句1:白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。 “指的是”可译为refer to. White pollution refers to plastic pollution.
句2:不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。 Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads.
句3:塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。 “在空中飞扬”可译为dance in the wind. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind.
句4:如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢? If we continue using them, what would happen?
句5:有一天,它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。 “会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中”可译为might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish.
句6:那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。 Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin.
句7:为防止这个噩梦成为现实,政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头付诸实际行动。 “为防止这个噩梦成为现实”译为目的状语:To prevent this nightmare from coming true; “互相紧 密合作”译为work closely with each other; “将口头 付诸实际行动”译为back up their verbal commitment by actions. 译:To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. 练习3 句8:同时,我们应当从自身做起,为绿色环保出一份力。 “从自身做起”译为:start from ourselves. 译:We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment. White pollution refers to plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them, what would happen? One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.
练习4 唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中,在他们的促进下,唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度(civil service examinations)在全国选出优秀的儒家文人 (Confucian literati)为政府效力,而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪中期,唐朝势力开始衰落。
难点注释 句1、2:唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。 第一、二句在翻译时可以整合为一句,其中“唐朝的首都在长安”可以翻译为定语从句来表示。“被…认为是…”可以译为be regarded by …as…; “最辉煌的时期”即为鼎盛时期,可译为a high point. Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization.
句3:在与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中,在他们的促进下,唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。 “与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中,在他们的促进下”可采用合译法,即Stimulated by the contact with…Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields.
句4:唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。 译:The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.
句5:唐朝通过科举制度(civil service examinations)在全国选出优秀的儒家文人(Confucian literati)为政府效力,而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。 此句结构较为复杂,翻译时,首先理清句子主干:唐朝的政府体系日臻完善。前半句可以处理成一个非谓语动词做原因状语的形式,即Served by…, serve 本意为“服务”,也可作“效力”讲,与逻辑主语the government system of Tang Dynasty是动宾关系,故用过去分词形式;而其中再嵌套一个后置定语selected through…来修饰Confucian literati;“在……的支持下”译为under the support of…。 Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic.
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